What is leukemia?

What is leukemia?

Leukemia is a cancer. Cancer is a group of more than 100 kinds of diseases, characterized by blood or tissue is composed of the abnormal changes in cells. Leukemia is a blood cells from abnormal changes in the disease, the following will be through the introduction of leukemia risk factors, disease classification, diagnosis and treatment with a view to enhancing public awareness for leukemia.

VS normal blood cells of leukemia cells

Normal blood cells

Blood cells are generated in the bone marrow. Immature blood cells known as the bud cells and stem cells, the majority of blood cells in bone marrow differentiation and maturation, and then enter the body Endovascular.

Bone marrow is responsible for manufacturing the required human blood cells, each cell in the body responsible for their different roles and functions:

Leukocyte (White blood cell, WBC): help the body fight infection.

RBC (Red blood cell, RBC): responsible for carrying oxygen to the body organized and away from the organization of carbon dioxide back to the lungs for gas exchange. The color of blood from red blood cells.

Platelets (also known as the clotting cells) it helps the blood form clots to control bleeding.

Under normal blood cells the body needs in accordance with the rules and have generated under control. These processes help us stay healthy.

Leukemia cells

Leukemia refers to happen when the bone marrow does not produce a lot of normal white blood cells, these abnormal white blood cells called leukemic cells. In early disease, leukemia cells are still capable of maintaining the basic functions of the human body, but the evolution over time, a large number of leukemia cells crowd out white blood cells, red blood cell and platelet survival space, and make normal blood cells can not function.

Types of leukemia

There are several leukemia, according to their classification in two ways. A is based on the occurrence of the disease and the deterioration of the speed of points, another is based on the effects of white blood cells were classified.

First, depending on the disease and the rate of deterioration happened: can be divided into acute and chronic leukemia. In acute leukemia, in vivo differentiation of blood cells are very immature bud cells, the bud cells increased very rapidly, so that in a short time will have a serious clinical symptoms. In chronic leukemia, the body's cells are differentiation of acute leukemia than the more mature, to be completed with some of their normal function, and bud cells increased slowly than acute leukemia. Therefore, chronic leukemia may not appear at the initial stage of any symptoms.

Second, according to the affected cells to Category: leukemia can be two types of white blood cells by major happened - lymphoid cells or myeloid cells, as happened in lymphocytic leukemia cells, it is called lymphocytic leukemia. When occurring in bone marrow cells, this disease is called myeloid leukemia or myelogenous leukemia.

The following are the four most common leukemia:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common in young children of a class of leukemia. This disease affects the same for adults, especially in people over the age of 65.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults and children will happen in this type of leukemia, sometimes referred to as acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL).

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) most often occurs in more than 55-year-old adult. Sometimes occur in young adults, but it hardly occurred in children.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is mainly occurring in adults, a very small number of children will also have the disease.

Leukemia incentive

So far, the medical community is still unable to confirm the incentive for leukemia, the researchers are trying to solve this problem. With the world's current population of substantial research, scientists have identified several possible increase in the human to be a risk factor for leukemia.

1, long-term exposure to high doses of radiation line. For example: the atomic bombing, nuclear energy nuclear power plant leaks harm.

2, electromagnetic fields harm. Electromagnetic field is a low-energy radiation, primarily from the wire and electronic products. Some studies report the past, but still required a more favorable research supported by evidence.

3, chromosome defects. The study found that some patients with specific chromosomal defects, such as Down's syndrome child than other children will be more susceptible to leukemia.

4, myelodysplastic syndrome. Suffering from this disease have a higher proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

5, virus infection. Scientists found to be infected with human T cell virus (HILV-I) will trigger a rare chronic lymphocytic leukemia (human T cell leukemia).

6, the working environment of long-term exposure to specific chemicals. For example: long-term exposure to doses of benzene (Benzene) staff.

7, chemotherapy drugs. Certain treatment of specific cancer drugs may have happened with the leukemia-related, but there is still no clear evidence that.

Scientists are still looking for sustained commitment and leukemia virus-related and other risk factors. Through the study of leukemia causes of understanding and hope that more effective prevention and treatment of it.



Leukemia symptoms

Leukemia cells are abnormal cells, it should not exert the function of normal blood cells, it should not help the body fight infection. Therefore, when people get leukemia, often infection and fever.

Similarly, people who have leukemia, often have less number of normal red blood cell and platelet health and, consequently, not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen supply to body tissues, in this case was called anemia, patients may look pale, feel weak and fatigue. When they do not have enough platelets, the patient vulnerable to bleeding and bruises.

Like all blood cells, leukemia cells circulating throughout the body. Thus the performance of leukemia in clinical symptoms of abnormal cells and its quantity and its location on the aggregation.

Often the symptoms of leukemia:

Fever, night sweats.

Weakness and fatigue.

Infection often happen.

Loss of appetite and weight loss.

Lymph nodes, especially common neck or armpit lymph nodes.

Headache.

Easy bleeding and bruises (eg: gum bleeding, skin bruising or tiny red dot).

Acute leukemia and the deterioration of symptoms quickly, so patients feel vulnerable to illness and medical treatment, and chronic leukemia may be asymptomatic for long periods of time, when the symptoms have appeared, usually lighter and are gradually deteriorating, so physicians often in asymptomatic patients to receive routine examination, the diagnosis of chronic leukemia.

In acute leukemia, abnormal cells may be gathered in the brain or spinal cord (also known as the central nervous system or CNS), caused by headache, vomiting, unconscious, muscle weakness and convulsive symptoms. Leukemic cells may also be gathered in the testicles caused by swelling. At the same time, most patients in the eyes or skin ulcers can occur. Leukemia will also affect the digestive tract, kidneys, lungs or other parts of the body.

In chronic leukemia, abnormal blood cells gradually gathered in the same body parts. Chronic leukemia may also affect the skin, central nervous system, digestive tract, kidney and testis.

Leukemia Diagnosis

Patients in order to identify the causes of symptoms, the doctor will ask patients to do the relevant medical history and physical examination. In addition to the general physical examination required physical examination, the doctor will go pay attention to the patient's particular liver, spleen and neck, axilla and inguinal lymph nodes are swollen.

Blood test will also help to diagnosis, blood samples will be placed under a microscope to check whether the normal pattern of cells and calculation of sophisticated and the number of bud cells. Although blood tests may show whether the leukemia patients, but it should not show that it is what kind of leukemia.

In order to establish the classification of disease, physicians must be taken to check bone marrow samples. The process of extraction of bone marrow, the doctor will make local anesthesia, and then with a coarse needle inserted into the buttocks above the iliac crest, the small amount of liquid bone marrow extraction, this method of examination known as bone marrow puncture, bone marrow biopsy done at the same time, with a larger needle and then taking a small piece of bone and bone marrow check.

If leukemia cells in bone marrow samples was found, the doctor will conduct other tests to determine the extent of violations of the disease. Such as lumbar puncture or cerebral spinal fluid examination is made for distribution in the cerebral spinal fluid next to in order to check whether there have leukemia cells. Chest X-ray can show signs of disease in the chest.

Leukemia treatment

The treatment of leukemia is very complex. With leukemia and various types of patients vary. Physicians will be in accordance with each patient's condition determine the appropriate treatment plan. Treatment not only in accordance with leukemia and certain types of leukemia cell characteristics, disease extent and whether or not it has treated the past as well as the patient's age, symptoms and usual state of health to decide.

In need of immediate treatment of acute leukemia. Treatment goal is to achieve first remission, and then even if there is no evidence of residual disease, often many times the treatment must be given to prevent recurrence. Finally would like to stress that many patients with acute leukemia can be cured.

When chronic leukemia patients have not yet symptoms may not need immediate treatment. However, patients should receive regular follow-up examinations to enable physicians to confirm whether the deterioration of the disease, when in need of treatment are often the disease and the symptoms can be controlled. But more difficult to heal chronic leukemia.

Should be the treatment of leukemia with leukemia experienced physicians of Medical Center for treatment, if not such an arrangement, then the patient's physician should be with the medical center in this area physicians to discuss treatment plans or treatment referral. Court in both adult and pediatric physicians can provide this service.

Many patients and their families want to study all the relevant knowledge of leukemia and treatment options to help them to actively participate in medical care decisions. In the course of treatment, patients or their families and doctors can be at any time to discuss related issues.

When a person was diagnosed with leukemia, shock and stress are natural reactions. These reactions will also be asked whether the patients do not know how to go doctor-related issues. Will find the same patients, it is difficult to remember that physicians have said every item of business. Usually the most effective method is to want the questions asked about the physicians listed in a list, take notes, use the recorder (if doctors agree), can more easily remember to answer. Some patients find that, if accompanied by family members or friends who participate in the discussion are useful, they can help take notes or just listen. Patients are advised not once asked all the questions or remember all the answers, for those not sure about things and want to get more information, they will have the opportunity to ask questions of other physicians.

The following are patient and his family in the treatment of a doctor before the regular session of questions asked:

Are which type of leukemia?

What treatment can have a choice? What kind do you suggest? Why?

Take part in clinical trials for it?

Each type of treatment, what are the anticipated benefits?

Each of the treatment of the expected side effects and dangers of what?

If I will be pain, how will you help me?

I will need to adjust my daily routine it?

Treatment for at least the length of time required?

Treatment of insurance part of it? Have the necessary part of the burden of it?


To seek a second opinion

Seek "second opinion" Sometimes access to diagnosis and treatment plan of a second opinion is very useful. There are several ways to find a "second opinion" physician:

At present, the attending physician to the patient asked an adult leukemia or pediatric leukemia specialist. Are usually the treatment of leukemia and blood specialist Cancer specialist doctors, treatment of children with leukemia are pediatric oncology or blood specialist.

Cancer Advisory Services. Court Web site Cancer Education Corner has provided the service.

Major hospital specialist website related information.

Treatment

Leukemia patients in accordance with the type and severity of illness, patients may have been recommended to receive chemotherapy, biological agents therapy, radiation therapy, some patients may happen Splenomegaly phenomenon, which will be in surgical resection of the spleen, so patients may have been recommended for a single one or merge two or more treatments.

Chemical treatment

Most patients will be taken by the chemical treatment, in this way are the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, depending on the type of leukemia patients may accept a variety of single drug or combined drug treatment.

Some oral anti-cancer drugs available, most are given intravenously (injected into the vein), usually accept the number of patients required intravenous therapy, catheter implantation can then giving the drug by injection catheter. The end of the catheter, a flexible part is usually implanted in the chest above the vein. This drug by injection catheter, not injected in the vein, it can be prevented by repeated injections lead to discomfort and skin damage.

Anti-cancer drugs by intravenous injection or oral administration into the blood, the whole body to kill cancer cells. However, these drugs because of cerebral vascular barrier by blocking the central nervous system usually can not arrive, this protective barrier layer vascular networks are formed, it can filter to the brain and spinal cord blood flow, so doctors will use the vertebral tube chemotherapy anti-cancer drugs will be injected directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, and the therapeutic effect.

Intraspinal chemical treatment has two kinds of drug delivery methods, and some patients are injection drug directly to the next spinal cord cavity and another child or some adult, then through a special catheter called the "Ommaya reservoir" (intraventricular Storage Tank) to accept the intraspinal chemotherapy, such a device placed under the scalp to provide a liquid phase with the brain's way to the spinal cord, injection of drugs into the storage slot to replace the spine can intraspinal injection of the chemical treatment of a more simple, and avoid direct injection of drugs to the spinal cord cavity discomfort.

Chemical treatment given are cyclical, that is followed by a period of convalescence after the treatment period, and then another treatment period immediately before, and so on. Some patients in outpatient or home chemotherapy, of course, as the case may need to be hospitalized to receive chemotherapy.

The following are some questions patients and their families at the beginning of chemotherapy before doctors could be asked questions:

Why do I need to use such a therapy?

Which will be used by drug?

When to begin treatment? How long the treatment time? Treatment when it will end?

I must stay it? Necessary to live long?

How do I know if the drug effective?

During treatment what side effects? These side effects how long it will last? Of these side effects will deal with what to do?

These drugs can cause long-term side effects?

I need to return to hospital to check how long time?


Radiation Therapy

In terms of certain leukemia, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used together. Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is the use of high-energy radiation to damage cancer cells and halt their growth, while the radiation from a large machine.

Leukemia radiotherapy, there are two ways to give, for certain patients, physicians will have a direct radiation therapy, body of a particular region, that is, cancer cells have gathered the parts, such as spleen or brain, while the remaining patients are accepted systemic exposure, this kind of radiation therapy called whole body radiation therapy, usually given before bone marrow transplantation.

The following are patients and their families in the radiation therapy may be asked before the doctor's question:

Why do I need radiation therapy?

When to start treatment? How long the treatment time? When The End?

What the feeling during treatment? Be able to maintain normal activities?

How do we know the treatment effective?

Predictable side effects which have? Them how long it will last? For these side effects will deal with what to do?

Radiation therapy can cause long-term side effects?

During treatment How do I take care of themselves?


Bone Marrow Transplantation

Some leukemia patients can be taken to a bone marrow transplant therapy, in patients with malignant bone marrow cells prior to high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy damage, and then to be replaced by healthy bone marrow. Healthy bone marrow may come from donors, or patients themselves in high-dose therapy prior to bone marrow of his first collection, storage together. If considering the use of patient's own bone marrow, then first of all to do in vitro treatment, removal of residual leukemia cells. Bone marrow transplant patients, because patients must be cautious to avoid infection and, therefore, need to stay in hospital for several weeks, until they were implanted in the bone marrow began to manufacture enough of the white blood cells.

The following are patients and their families in the bone marrow before transplantation may be questions asked about the physician:

I need to accept what kind of bone marrow transplant? Required by others to donate it? How to find donors?

The benefits of treatment for that?

Its risks and side effects What are the? How can make the kind of treatment?

I want to stay how long? When I was discharged from hospital after what should pay attention to?

Everyday life which make necessary adjust it?

How will we know the treatment effective? I have little chance of cure?

Back to hospital to check how long it takes to track time?


Biological agents therapy

Improve the patients are by their own immune system against cancer cells to achieve the purpose. For example: Interferon therapy is a kind of biological agents, it is often used to reduce the growth rate of leukemic cells.

The following are the families of patients and biological agents at the beginning of therapy before doctors will be asked questions:

Will use what kind of drug?

Predictable side effect of that? Side effects of how long it will last? What treatment can be done?

How do we know the treatment effective?

I do need to be hospitalized?

Such therapy will have long-term side effects?


Clinical trials

Many leukemia patients are also taking part in clinical trials, these clinical trials are in order to help physicians discover new treatment methods are safe and effective, can also help physicians understand how to play a role in the treatment and its possible side effects.

Sometimes patients participate in clinical trials are research has shown that the treatment has its effect, and to become the first batch of undergoing treatment. In addition many studies, some patients receiving the new treatment modalities, some patients received traditional treatment, physicians will be comparing the two kinds of different treatment modalities. Take part in clinical trials are medical patients have a great contribution, although the clinical trial patients have some risk, but researchers are usually careful to avoid causing harm to patients.

Physicians to study the new treatment of leukemia, is committed to research new drugs, new drug combinations, new chemotherapy treatments and to improve bone marrow transplantation method.

Many clinical trials will include a variety of biological agents therapy, the quality and inter-cell growth factor are the treatment of leukemia therapy biological agents. Doctors also are studying how to use monoclonal antibodies to treat leukemia, biological agents are usually combined therapy still need chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation.

If interested in participating in clinical trials of leukemia patients can inform your physician.

Supportive therapy

Leukemia and its related treatment will lead to many complications and side effects during treatment of patients will be subject to supportive therapy to prevent or control these problems and improve their quality of life.

As a result of leukemia-infected patients have easy questions, they might be acceptable to antibiotics or other drug treatment, in order to protect them from infection, while patients with the proposed access in public places to avoid and stay away from those suffering from colds or infectious diseases. If there is the phenomenon of infection, the disease may become very serious and requires immediate medical treatment, sometimes even have to be hospitalized.

Anemia and bleeding, are also subject to supportive therapy. Given red blood cell transfusion can be reduced because of anemia caused by the patient's dyspnea and fatigue, platelet transfusion may help reduce the risk of bleeding.

Oral care is very important, leukemia and chemotherapy will make the mouth more sensitive to change, it is easy to infection and easy to have the case of bleeding. Physician usually recommends that patients in the treatment of the former will be subject to a complete oral examination, a dentist will teach patients how to maintain during the treatment of oral cleanliness and health.

Treatment side effects

Cancer treatment because it will also upset the healthy cells and tissues, so with treatment-related side effects try hard to be completely avoided.

Side effects of cancer treatment and their treatment methods and the scope of, and response of each individual is different, a course to the next course of treatment side effects may also be different. The doctors will try to develop the patient's treatment plan to minimize the extent of side effects.

Medical and nursing staff will explain to the patients about the side effects of treatment and recommended that the patient-related medication, diet changes and ways to deal with these side effects.

Chemical treatment: Chemical treatment of the main side effects are acceptable to patients in accordance with the drug may be, everyone different treatments, side effects will be different. In general, the anti-cancer drugs will be affected are split cells, cancer cells than healthy cells to divide more frequently, it is easier to be affected by chemotherapy drugs, even so, the healthy cells may also be destroyed. Have common blood cells, hair cells, gastrointestinal cells divide more frequently and so the cells may be destroyed, after the destruction of these cells will cause the patient to reduce resistance to infection than physical and there is no more likely to have bruises or the case of bleeding, in addition there will be hair loss, nausea, vomiting and ulcers in the mouth, most of the side-effects after treatment in the cessation or recovery period between two courses of treatment will be gradually improved.
Certain anti-cancer drugs will affect the patient's reproductive capacity, women's menstrual cycle may become irregular or stop, some women may have symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness. Men may stop the manufacture of sperm, because sometimes these changes are permanent, some men would choose their sperm cryopreservation. The majority of the chemical treatment of leukemia child, their reproductive capacity when they grow up it would not have any noticeable impact. However, according to drug, dose and patients of different ages, some boys and girls may not be able to post in a mature child birth.

Radiation therapy: patients receiving radiation therapy process may be easier to feel tired, so rest of the patients is also very important, but some doctors recommended his patients to maintain physical activity status.
If the radiation exposure to direct the head, patients often have the phenomenon of hair loss, and exposure to skin will be red, dry, tenderness and itching of the situation, will also be taught how to maintain the cleanliness of the skin, if it was not under the direction of physicians, not indiscriminate use of emulsion or cream applied irradiation site. Radiation therapy will also cause nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite, these side effects are temporary, and therefore health care professionals will recommend ways to control these symptoms, until the completion of radiation therapy.
Some side effects are persistent, if during childhood brain radiotherapy, there may be learning and coordination barriers, so a doctor will try to use the lowest radiation dose, and usually can not be used in chemotherapy only children body.
If the irradiation site in the testis Department, may affect the reproductive capabilities and the manufacture of hormones, these boys may not be able to have a child in future and should be long-term use hormones.

Bone marrow transplantation: bone marrow transplant patients should undergo high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy, it will increase the infection, bleeding and other side effects dangerous. In addition bone marrow donor may happen in patients with the anti-graft-versus-host disease, the disease is due to the donor's bone marrow with the patient's tissue rejection (regular violations of the organization for the liver, skin and gastrointestinal tract, etc.), the anti-graft-versus-host disease may be minor and could be very serious, may occur in post-transplant at any time (even after several years), physicians will be given drugs to reduce the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease risk.

Nutrition for cancer patients

Patients during treatment must be given adequate nutrition, but some cancer patients find it difficult to eat well, because in the treatment of common side effects such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, loss of appetite or oral inflammation will make things harder to import . Eating well can be express enough calories and protein to help prevent weight loss and restoration of physical strength. During treatment in cancer patients usually eat well feel better and have more stamina. In addition they may have more ability to control the side effects during treatment.

Physicians, nurses and dietitians can offer cancer treatment during the recommended healthy diet. Relevant information of patients and families can contact the hospital dietitian.



Tracking

Regular follow-up examinations after treatment in leukemia is a very important part, the doctor will carefully monitor the arrangements for the inspection, to determine the cancer does not relapse, inspection items typically include hematology, bone marrow puncture and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Cancer treatment may have side effects happen after a few years, so patients must be continued to do regular check-ups and health conditions should change and go have this problem as soon as their physician.



Supporting Cancer Patients

With a serious disease is not easy to co-exist. Cancer patients and caregivers have to face many problems and challenges. When they have enough information and support, they would have the capacity to face the emotional and practical life issues.

Worried about how cancer patients will continue to work, how to take care of the family or how to restore the original daily lives. Parents of children with leukemia may worry whether their children have a normal school life and social activities, as well as their own whether or not these children will be unable to follow their friends to participate in activities are frustrated, and other often worry about the test results, treatment , hospitalization days and medical costs. Hospital doctors, nurses and other health care team members have to answer about the treatment, work, other activities. In addition combined with social workers, health counseling and Abbot can help patients to face and discuss their feelings or the concern to help patients and their families set up support systems.

Friend and relatives can play a highly supportive role. Patients with cancer can be and the same people go to discuss a matter of concern is quite useful. So can join support groups to share in the study of cancer and treatment-related side effects of adjustment. Groups of patients apart from adults, sometimes in some places there will be parents of child cancer support groups. However, it is necessary to bear in mind is the situation of each patient is different. Even if they suffer from the same types of cancer, any one patient's treatment and treatment methods are not necessarily applicable to other patients. To friends and family members and physicians, suggestions are made and discussions are necessary. Usually social workers in the hospital or clinic can provide to help patients return to society, emotional support, financial assistance, transportation on the delivery of home care or group information. At present, our Association has been formed to leukemia patients and the families of child cancer Association.

Future Prospects

Researchers are seeking better ways to treat leukemia, and the condition to restore the situation is also improving steadily. Nevertheless, patients and their friends care about the future progress of the disease is very natural. In some cases the survival rate of patients who will use and other statistical data to outline the opportunity to cure or patients can also. However, it is important to bear in mind that those figures are required by many patients after statistics have been average. However, because no two patients are exactly the same, and for the treatment of patients have very different reactions, so we should refrain from quoting the report of these data to forecast what will happen in the future. Dr. Chang will be facing the point of view of many patients and their families and to discuss the prognosis of the problem, but they must bear in mind that even the doctors can not predict the future go what will happen. Physicians often discuss the survival rate after treatment is often used to ease rather than cure, this is because even though a lot of leukemia patients have been cured, but there is still likely to relapse in later years.


Vocabulary

Ommaya storage bag: A device can be implanted in the scalp. Can be used to facilitate the injection of chemical substances in the cerebrospinal fluid arrival.

X-ray: is a high-energy radiation. The use of low doses used to diagnose diseases, and in the treatment of cancer are the use of high doses.

Interferon: A biological response modifier factor. (A fight against the disease can improve the body's natural reaction to substances, such as reducing the use of certain interferon Cancer cell growth characteristics of the treatment).

Central nervous system: refers to the brain and spinal cord. Also known as CNS.

Chemical treatment: the use of anti-cancer drug therapy.

Supportive therapy: to give the prevention, control or reduce the complications and side effects of treatment. In order to increase patient comfort and improve quality of life.

Biological agents therapy: Using the body's immune system, directly or indirectly, to fight cancer or reduce the number of cancer therapy caused by side effects. Including immunotherapy, biological therapy and biological response modifier therapy.

Leukemia: a cancer of blood cells.

White blood cells: help the body fight infection and disease cells. White blood cells are generated in the bone marrow and then distributed to other parts of the body.

Congenital: genetics; by their parents through DNA genetic factor to the child.

Risk factors: Some possible reasons for increased occurrence of disease.

Platelets: can help clotting of blood cells.

Hematologists Experts: expertise in treating blood diseases physician.

Blood cell-stimulating factor: stimulation of blood cells manufacture the material. Blood cell stimulating factor, the blood can help organizations in the chemical treatment and radiation therapy as soon as possible after the resumption.

Immune system: from the body composition of specific cells and organs in order to combat the disease or infection of the complex.

Antibiotics: treatment of infection.

Liver: large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen, can help digestion, bile secretion, purify the blood.

Radiation therapy: the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells of the therapy, the radiation may come from radioactive material in vitro or to be placed on a direct role in the vicinity of Cancer.

Bud cells: immature blood cells.

Acute leukemia: the rapid progress of leukemia.

Red blood cells: carry oxygen to various parts of the body cells. Also known as RBCS.

Digestive tract: When we eat, food will be adopted by the organ. Including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.

Pathology expert: the use of microscopy to identify cells or tissues diseases physician.

Bone marrow: in the soft bones of the central one, such as sponges, mainly responsible for manufacturing white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

Bone marrow biopsy: The removal of the larger needle one bone marrow samples, to check whether there are cancer cells. If it is found that the cancerous cells, Pathology physicians will assess the number of bone marrow has been affected. Bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow puncture is usually carried out together.

Bone marrow of: belonging to a type of white blood cells.

Bone marrow puncture: needle excision of a small bone marrow samples under a microscope to observe whether there are cancer cells.

Bone marrow transplantation: Doctor will be implanted in human bone marrow to replace high-dose anti-cancer drug or radiation to eradicate the process of bone marrow. Bone marrow transplantation can be used from the patient's own bone marrow before treatment, or bone marrow donors.

Lymphocytic: the belong to a type of white blood cells. Also refers to the organization of lymphocyte generation.

Lymphocyte: white blood cells are a kind of.

Lymph nodes: along the lymphatic system lymphatic distribution, small, bean-shaped organ shape. Save a lymph node lymph flow in to seize the body of the bacteria or cancer cells in the special. Groups of lymph nodes located in the armpits, groin, neck, chest, abdomen and lower extremities. Also known as lymph glands.

Anti-graft-versus-host disease: bone marrow donors for patients of organizations have an adverse reaction. Also known as GVHD.

Anemia: decrease in the number of red blood cells.

Monoclonal antibodies: Yes, and body positioning, or combination of substances throughout the cancer cells. They can be used alone or used to transport drugs, toxins and radioactive material directly go against the tumor cells.

Recurrence: the improvement of disease after a period of time after the re-emergence of symptoms, or recurrence of cancer cells to the same or other parts of the emergence.

Intraspinal chemical treatment: The chemistry of drug into the spinal cavity, allows a direct role in drug brain and spinal cord.

Kidney: One is located in the abdomen of organs. Can filter the blood of waste, the formation of urine.

Splenectomy: Surgical removal of the spleen.

Spleen: it is a manufacture of lymphocyte organs. Can be stored, filtration and destruction of blood cells. It is located in the left quarter of the abdomen rib area, fundus and transverse compartment.

Between quality: A biological response modifier factor. It stimulates the immune system in most of the white blood cell growth and activity.

Ecchymosis: under the skin, small red spots; are a symptom of leukemia.

Testis: a pair of oval glands, can produce sperm and male hormones.

Lumbar puncture: needle inserted under the parts of the spine than the tube to give the collection of cerebral spinal fluid of intraspinal chemotherapy. Also known as the spinal cord cavity puncture.

Cancer Experts: specializing in cancer treatment physicians. Cancer experts in each field on the different types of cancer treatment own specialization. Such as radiation oncology experts, are devoted to the treatment of cancer with radiation physicians.

Cerebro-vascular barrier: located in the brain, blood vessels form a network closely linked to the prevention of potential toxic substances (such as chemical drugs) to penetrate into the brain blood vessels.

Cerebrospinal fluid: is the brain and spinal cord between the flow of liquid water samples. Also known as CSF.

Prognosis: the disease may be the result or process; recovery opportunities.

Chronic leukemia: a very slow development of leukemia.

Ease: the disappearance of disease symptoms, it can be temporary or permanent.

Catheter: a tube will be placed in blood vessels to provide drugs or nutritional substances channel.

Blood transfusion: a person's blood or blood products transfusion into the body of another person.

Intravenous injection: to intravenous injection. Also known as IV.

Cancer: an unusual cell division uncontrolled disease. Cancer cells can be violated to a nearby organization or with the blood or lymphatic system spread to other parts of the body.

Clinical trials: A scientific research methods, the aim of understanding of some new forms of treatment efficacy, commonly used to study the new screening, diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment effects.

Epilepsy: seizure; sudden involuntary muscle twitch.